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1 почётные условия сдачи
1) General subject: honors of war, honours of war2) Military: honours of war (сохранение оружия, знамен и т. п.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > почётные условия сдачи
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2 боевые знаки отличия
General subject: war honoursУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > боевые знаки отличия
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3 licenciatura
• bachelor's degree• honoring a draft• honors of war• honours degree -
4 знак
1) mark, sign; (символ) token, symbolопознавательный знак — landmark; beacon мор.
пограничные знаки — border markers, boundary signs
в знак согласия — as a sign of assent / consent
2) (знаки отличия, принадлежности к роду войск) insignia, badgeзнак отличия — decoration, medal
3) (почётный) plaque -
5 onore
m hono(u)rin onore di in hono(u)r of* * *onore s.m.1 honour, (amer.) honor: offendere l'onore di qlcu., to offend s.o.'s honour; perdere l'onore, to lose one's honour; ne va del mio onore, my honour is at stake // uomo d'onore, honourable man // debito, parola, punto, questione d'onore, debt, word, point, question of honour; Parola d'onore! L'ho visto con i miei occhi, Word of honour! I saw it with my own eyes // (dir.) Vostro Onore, ( al giudice) Your Honour2 ( castità di donna) honour, chastity: insidiare l'onore di una donna, to try to seduce a woman // (dir.): causa d'onore, motive of honour; delitto d'onore, crime committed for motive of honour3 ( vanto, gloria) honour, glory; ( credito) credit: è l'onore della famiglia, he is a credit to his family; l'onore della vittoria spetta a lui, the honour (o the glory) of victory is his; questo sentimento ti fa onore, this feeling does you credit (o honour); ho avuto l'onore di conoscere il presidente, I had the honour of meeting the president // farsi onore in qlco., to excel in sthg.; farsi onore sul lavoro, in battaglia, in gara, to excel in one's work, in battle, in competition // fare onore alla propria firma, a una cambiale, to honour one's signature, a bill // tenere alto l'onore della patria, to uphold the honour of one's country4 ( atto di omaggio) honour, homage: ricevimento, banchetto in onore di qlcu., reception, banquet held in s.o.'s honour; ci accolse con tutti gli onori, he received us with great ceremony // onori militari, military honours // onore al merito!, give praise where praise is due! // a onore del vero, to tell the truth // damigella d'onore, maid of honour // serata d'onore, gala evening // posto d'onore, place of honour // scorta d'onore, guard of honour // (sport) giro d'onore, lap of honour // ''Siediti a capotavola'' ''Troppo onore!'', ''Sit at the head of the table'' ''That's too kind of you!'' // fare gli onori di casa, to do the honours of the house // fare onore a un pranzo, to do justice to a dinner // salire agli onori degli altari, to be raised to the altars6 pl. (bridge ecc.) honours* * *[o'nore] 1.sostantivo maschile1) (dignità) honour BE, honor AEattentare all'onore di qcn. — to cast a slur on sb.'s honour
offendere l'onore di qcn., ferire qcn. nell'onore to wound sb.'s honour; ne va del tuo onore your honour is at stake; farsi un punto d'onore to make it a point of honour; una questione d'onore an affair of honour; giurare sul proprio onore to swear (up)on one's honour; (dare la propria) parola d'onore (to give one's) word of honour; con onore — honourably
2) (merito) honour BE, honor AE, creditfare onore a qcn., qcs. — to be an honour o a credit to sb., sth., to do sb. proud
non ti fa (molto) onore — it says very little for you, you don't come out of it very well
3) (privilegio) honour BE, honor AEavere l'onore di fare — to have the honour to do o of doing
considerare qcs. un grande onore — to consider sth. a great honour
concedere, fare a qcn. l'onore di fare — to give, do sb. the honour of doing
è un grande onore per me fare la sua conoscenza — it's a great honour for me to make your acquaintance
quale, che onore! — what an honour! (anche iron.)
d'onore — [codice, debito, giro, guardia, posto] of honour
4) (nelle cerimonie, nei festeggiamenti)fare, rendere onore a qcn. — to honour o salute sb.
in onore di qcn., qcs. — in honour of sb., sth.; [cena, ricevimento, monumento] for sb., sth.
6) gioc. (carta alta) honour BE, honor AE2.sostantivo maschile plurale onori1) (onorificenze) honours BE, honors AEessere ricevuto con gli -i riservati ai capi di stato — to be received with the ceremony reserved for heads of State
fare gli -i di casa — to do the honours, to play host (anche scherz.)
2) (titoli accademici) honours BE, honors AE•- i militari — mil. military honours
••onore al merito! — prov. honour where honour is due! credit where credit is due!
* * *onore/o'nore/I sostantivo m.1 (dignità) honour BE, honor AE; uomo d'onore man of honour; attentare all'onore di qcn. to cast a slur on sb.'s honour; offendere l'onore di qcn., ferire qcn. nell'onore to wound sb.'s honour; ne va del tuo onore your honour is at stake; farsi un punto d'onore to make it a point of honour; una questione d'onore an affair of honour; giurare sul proprio onore to swear (up)on one's honour; (dare la propria) parola d'onore (to give one's) word of honour; con onore honourably2 (merito) honour BE, honor AE, credit; fare onore a qcn., qcs. to be an honour o a credit to sb., sth., to do sb. proud; fa onore al suo paese he is a credit to his country; non ti fa (molto) onore it says very little for you, you don't come out of it very well3 (privilegio) honour BE, honor AE; avere l'onore di fare to have the honour to do o of doing; considerare qcs. un grande onore to consider sth. a great honour; concedere, fare a qcn. l'onore di fare to give, do sb. the honour of doing; è un grande onore per me fare la sua conoscenza it's a great honour for me to make your acquaintance; posso avere l'onore di questo ballo? may I have the pleasure of this dance? con chi ho l'onore di parlare? whom do I have the honour of speaking to? onore ai vinti! loser goes first! a te l'onore! you do the honours! lei mi fa troppo onore you flatter me; l'onore delle armi the honours of war; ho l'onore di informarla che I'm honoured to inform you that; a che (cosa) devo l'onore? to what do I owe this honour? (anche iron.); quale, che onore! what an honour! (anche iron.); d'onore [codice, debito, giro, guardia, posto] of honour4 (nelle cerimonie, nei festeggiamenti) fare, rendere onore a qcn. to honour o salute sb.; fare onore alla tavola to do justice to a meal; in onore di qcn., qcs. in honour of sb., sth.; [cena, ricevimento, monumento] for sb., sth.; ospite d'onore guest of honour5 (titolo giuridico) Vostro Onore Your HonourII onori m.pl.1 (onorificenze) honours BE, honors AE; essere coperto di -i to be loaded with honours; con tutti gli -i dovuti al suo rango with all the honour due to his rank; essere ricevuto con gli -i riservati ai capi di stato to be received with the ceremony reserved for heads of State; fare gli -i di casa to do the honours, to play host (anche scherz.); salire agli -i della cronaca to hit the headlinesonore al merito! prov. honour where honour is due! credit where credit is due!\- i militari mil. military honours. -
6 diplomatura
f.similar diploma (education).* * *See:ver nota culturelle LICENCIATURA in licenciatura* * *= bachelor's degree, first degree, honours degree, honours programme, undergraduate programme, honours course, undergraduate major, major, undergraduate degree.Ex. He received his bachelor's degree from UCLA and a master's degree in librarianship from Catholic University.Ex. Many of these latter types of courses are intended to serve as conversion or re-orientation courses for people with first degree in related subject areas.Ex. This paper describes the new honours degree in Applied Social Studies at the Polytechnic of North London.Ex. Other educators created honors programs that expanded even more rapidly after World War II.Ex. The university is planning a new undergraduate programme in information studies.Ex. However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.Ex. This largish university has more than 20,000 students and offers over 200 undergraduate majors, over 100 master's degree options, and 17 doctoral degree programmes.Ex. The longitudinal study suggests that students change majors, select programs, and complete courses that are congruent with their cognitive styles.Ex. Political science was the most popular undergraduate degree for lawyers working in all sectors, followed either by education or arts and letters.----* biblioteca de diplomatura = undergraduate library.* curso de diplomatura = undergraduate course, honours course.* diplomatura (en ciencias) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science).* diplomatura en humanidades = B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), B.A. degree.* estudiante de diplomatura = undergraduate, undergraduate student, honours student.* estudiante posterior a la diplomatura = postgraduate student.* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).* * *diplomatura (en ciencias)(n.) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science)Ex: There are more than 20 LIS schools in the Arab world and they grant diplomas, B.Sc. degrees, Master degrees and Ph.D.
= bachelor's degree, first degree, honours degree, honours programme, undergraduate programme, honours course, undergraduate major, major, undergraduate degree.Ex: He received his bachelor's degree from UCLA and a master's degree in librarianship from Catholic University.
Ex: Many of these latter types of courses are intended to serve as conversion or re-orientation courses for people with first degree in related subject areas.Ex: This paper describes the new honours degree in Applied Social Studies at the Polytechnic of North London.Ex: Other educators created honors programs that expanded even more rapidly after World War II.Ex: The university is planning a new undergraduate programme in information studies.Ex: However, the new department's main success has been with the introduction of an undergraduate single honours course by distance learning.Ex: This largish university has more than 20,000 students and offers over 200 undergraduate majors, over 100 master's degree options, and 17 doctoral degree programmes.Ex: The longitudinal study suggests that students change majors, select programs, and complete courses that are congruent with their cognitive styles.Ex: Political science was the most popular undergraduate degree for lawyers working in all sectors, followed either by education or arts and letters.* biblioteca de diplomatura = undergraduate library.* curso de diplomatura = undergraduate course, honours course.* diplomatura (en ciencias) = B.Sc. degree (Bachelor of Science).* diplomatura en humanidades = B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), B.A. degree.* estudiante de diplomatura = undergraduate, undergraduate student, honours student.* estudiante posterior a la diplomatura = postgraduate student.* relativo a los estudios de diplomatura = undergrad (undergraduate).* * *(en Esp) former university qualification, gained after three years* * *
diplomatura f Univ degree: tiene una diplomatura en Biología, he holds a degree in Biology
' diplomatura' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
diplomada
- diplomado
English:
degree
* * *diplomatura nfEduc diploma [qualification obtained after three years of university study]* * *f diploma -
7 военен
1. прил. (който се отнася до война) war (time), of war; warlike, military, martial, belligerent; munition(s)военен дух a martial spiritвоенен завод a munition(s) factory/worksвоенен кораб warship, man-of-warвоенен музей a war museumвоенен съд a court martialвоенна намеса an armed interventionвоенна флота navyвоенна хитрост stratagemвоенно време time of war, wartimeвоенно гробище a war cemeteryвоенно изкуство art of war; generalshipвоенно оръжие a weapon of warвоенно положение martial lawвоенни действия military operations, hostilitiesзапочвам/спирам военни действия open/suspend hostilitiesвоенни подвизи wartime exploitsвоенни почести military honoursвоенни приготовления war (like) preparationsразг. build-upвоенни цели war (like) purposes2. (които се отнася до-армия, до военнослужещи) military, army, service, forces, air-force, navalвоенен бунт mutiny, an army uprisingвоенен влак a military/troop trainвоенен диктатор warlordвоенен водач an army leaderвоенен камион a military lorryвоенен лагер a military campвоенен магазин an army shopвоенен път a military roadвоенен самолет a military/an airforce planeвоенен склад an army service store/depot, an army storehouseвоенен стол a forces canteenвоенен съвет (пред-сражение) a council of war; an army councilвоенна база a military base(военноморска) a naval baseвоенна музика a military bandвоенна окупация a military occupationвоенна отпуска army leave/furloughвоенна повинност/служба national serviceвоенна помощ military assistance/aidвоенна пушка an army rifleвоенна сила military powerвоенна тайна a military secretвоенна униформа a military uniformвоенно дело military science, warfareвоенно нападение a military attackвоенно обучение military drill/trainingвоенно пристанище a naval portвоенни съоръжения military installations3. същ. military man, ам. soldier, servicemanвоенните the military* * *воѐнен,прил., -на, -но, -ни 1. ( свързан с война) war(time), of war; warlike, military, martial, belligerent; munition(s); \воененен дух martial spirit; \воененен завод munition(s) factory/works; \воененен кораб warship, man-of-war; \воененен музей war museum; \воененен съд court martial; \воененна заплаха threat of war; \воененна намеса armed intervention; \воененна флота navy; \воененна хитрост stratagem; \воененно време time of war, wartime; \воененно гробище war cemetery; \воененно изкуство art of war; generalship; \воененно оръжие weapon of war; \воененно положение martial law; \воененни действия military operations, hostilities; \воененни подвизи wartime exploits; \воененни почести military honours; \воененни приготовления war(like) preparations; разг. build-up; въвеждам \воененно положение impose/declare martial law; започвам/спирам \воененни действия open/suspend hostilities; местни \воененни действия contained war; отменям \воененно положение lift martial law;2. ( армейски, свързан с военнослужещи) military, army, service, forces, air-force, naval; \воененен бунт mutiny, an army uprising; \воененен влак military/troop train; \воененен диктатор warlord; \воененен камион military lorry; \воененен магазин army shop; \воененен път military road; \воененен самолет military/airforce plane; \воененен склад army service store/depot, army storehouse; \воененен стол forces canteen; \воененен съвет ( преди сражение) council of war; army council; \воененен устав military regulatuions \воененна база military base; ( военноморска) naval base; \воененна музика field music, military band; \воененна отпуска army leave/furlough; \воененна повинност/служба national service; \воененна помощ military assistance/aid; \воененна пушка army rifle; \воененна тайна military secret; \воененна техника и снаряжение munitions of war; \воененно дело military science, warfare; \воененно нападение military attack; \воененно обучение military drill/training; \воененно пристанище naval port; \воененни съоръжения military installations/military equipment;3. като същ. обикн. членувано \воененният, м.; \воененните, мн. military man, амер. soldier, service-man; \воененните the military; той е \воененен he is in the army.* * *army; martial: a военен spirit - военен дух; military: военен operations - военни действия; soldier; war{wO:}* * *1. (военноморска) a naval base 2. (които се отнася до -армия, до военнослужещи) military, army, service, forces, air-force, naval 3. 1 прил.(който се отнася до война) war(time), of war;warlike, military, martial, belligerent;munition(s) 4. 3 същ. military man, ам. soldier, serviceman 5. ВОЕНЕН бунт mutiny, an army uprising 6. ВОЕНЕН влак a military/ troop train 7. ВОЕНЕН водач an army leader 8. ВОЕНЕН диктатор warlord 9. ВОЕНЕН дух a martial spirit 10. ВОЕНЕН зaвод a munition(s) factory/works 11. ВОЕНЕН камион a military lorry 12. ВОЕНЕН кораб warship, man-of-war 13. ВОЕНЕН лагер a military camp 14. ВОЕНЕН магазин an army shop 15. ВОЕНЕН музей a war museum 16. ВОЕНЕН път a military road 17. ВОЕНЕН самолет a military/an airforce plane 18. ВОЕНЕН склад an army service store/depot, an army storehouse 19. ВОЕНЕН стол a forces canteen 20. ВОЕНЕН съвет (пред -сражение) a council of war;an army council 21. ВОЕНЕН съд a court martial 22. военна база a military base 23. военна музика a military band 24. военна намеса an armed intervention 25. военна окупация a military occupation 26. военна отпуска army leave/furlough 27. военна повинност/служба national service 28. военна помощ military assistance/aid 29. военна пушка an army rifle 30. военна сила military power 31. военна тайна a military secret 32. военна униформа a military uniform 33. военна флота navy 34. военна хитрост stratagem 35. военни действия military operations, hostilities: започвам/спирам военни действия open/ suspend hostilities 36. военни подвизи wartime exploits 37. военни почести military honours 38. военни приготовления war(like) preparations 39. военни съоръжения military installations 40. военни цели war(like) purposes 41. военните the military 42. военно време time of war, wartime 43. военно гробище a war cеmetery 44. военно дело military science, warfare 45. военно изкуство art of war;generalship 46. военно нападение а military attack 47. военно обучение military drill/training 48. военно оръжие a weapon of war 49. военно положение martial law 50. военно пристанище a naval port 51. разг. build-up 52. той е ВОЕНЕН he is in the army -
8 honneur
c black honneur [ɔnœʀ]1. masculine noun• être à l'honneur [personne, pays] to have the place of honour ; [mode, style, produit] to be much in evidenceb. ( = mérite) creditc. (formules de politesse) je suis ravi de vous rencontrer -- tout l'honneur est pour moi delighted to meet you -- the pleasure is all mine• j'ai l'honneur de solliciter... I am writing to ask...• à qui ai-je l'honneur ? who am I speaking to, please?• faire honneur à [+ engagements, signature, traite] to honour ; [+ sa famille] to be a credit to ; [+ repas] to do justice toc black2. plural masculine noun━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec un seul n.* * *ɔnœʀ
1.
nom masculin1) ( fierté) honour [BrE] [U]s'être engagé sur l'honneur à faire — to be honour [BrE] bound to do
faire honneur à sa parole — to honour [BrE] one's promise
avec honneur — [servir] honourably [BrE]
dans l'honneur — [capituler, se réconcilier] honourably [BrE]
combattre pour l'honneur — to fight as a matter of honour [BrE]
être l'honneur de sa famille — [personne] to be a credit to one's family
2) ( mérite) credit3) ( privilège) honour [BrE]se disputer l'honneur de faire — to fight over the honour [BrE] of
à qui ai-je l'honneur? — fml to whom do I have the honour [BrE] of speaking? sout
à toi l'honneur! — you do the honours [BrE]!
4) ( célébration)être (mis) à l'honneur — [personne] to be honoured [BrE]
mettre quelqu'un à l'honneur — to honour [BrE] somebody
être à l' or en honneur — [chose] to be in favour [BrE]
être remis à l'honneur — [tradition, usage, discipline] to regain favour [BrE]
faire or rendre honneur à quelqu'un — to honour [BrE] somebody
en quel honneur? — (colloq) iron any particular reason why?
5) Jeux ( carte haute) honour [BrE]
2.
honneurs nom masculin pluriel ( distinction) honours [BrE]être accueilli avec les honneurs réservés aux chefs d'État — to be received with the ceremony reserved for heads of State
rendre les honneurs à — Armée ( funèbres) to pay the last honours [BrE] to; ( militaires) to honour [BrE]
••en tout bien tout honneur — ( sans arrière-pensées) with no hidden motive
il est venu prendre un verre, mais c'était en tout bien tout honneur — he came round for a drink but that's all there was to it
* * *ɔnœʀ nm1) (= dignité, réputation) honour Grande-Bretagne honor USA2) (= mérite)"j'ai l'honneur de..." — "I have the honour Grande-Bretagne of...", "I have the honor USA of..."
en l'honneur de [personne] — in honour Grande-Bretagne of, in honor USA of, [événement] on the occasion of
être à l'honneur — to be in the place of honour Grande-Bretagne to be in the place of honor USA
être en honneur; être à l'honneur — to be in favour Grande-Bretagne to be in favor USA
faire honneur à [engagements] — to honour Grande-Bretagne to honor USA, [famille, professeur] to be a credit to, [repas] to do justice to
* * *A nm1 ( fierté) honourGB ¢; sens de l'honneur sense of honourGB; homme d'honneur man of honourGB; l'honneur est sauf my/our etc honourGB is safe; porter atteinte à/laver l'honneur de qn to cast a slur on/to avenge sb's honourGB; mettre son honneur en jeu to put one's honourGB at stake; mettre or se faire un point d'honneur à faire to make it a point of honourGB to do; promettre sur l'honneur to promise on one's honourGB; s'être engagé sur l'honneur à faire to be honourGB bound to do; sauver l'honneur de qn to uphold the honourGB of sb; l'honneur national national pride; sauver l'honneur to save face; faire appel à l'honneur de qn to appeal to sb's sense of honourGB; faire honneur à sa parole/ses engagements to honourGB one's word/one's commitments; avec honneur [servir] honourablyGB; dans l'honneur [capituler, se réconcilier] honourablyGB; jouer pour l'honneur to play for the love of it; combattre pour l'honneur to fight as a matter of honourGB; être l'honneur de sa famille/son école [personne] to be a credit to one's family/one's school;2 ( mérite) credit; votre honnêteté vous fait honneur your honesty does you credit; ces mots sont l'honneur de leur auteur these words do credit to their author; c'est l'honneur de qn d'avoir fait it's to sb's credit that he/she etc did; ce fut tout à leur honneur d'avoir fait it was all credit to them that they did; l'honneur de la victoire revient à credit for the victory is due to;3 ( privilège) honourGB; avoir l'honneur de faire to have the honourGB of doing; accorder/faire à qn l'honneur de faire to give/do sb the honourGB of doing ; laisser à qn l'honneur de faire to let sb have the honourGB of doing; c'est un honneur de faire it's an honourGB to do; c'est un grand honneur pour qn de faire it's a great honourGB for sb to do; se disputer l'honneur de qch/de faire to fight over the honourGB of sth/of doing; à qui ai-je l'honneur? fml to whom do I have the honourGB of speaking? sout; honneur au perdant! loser goes first!; à toi l'honneur! you do the honoursGB!; vous me faites trop d'honneur you flatter me; j'ai l'honneur de vous informer du fait que I beg to inform you that; j'ai l'honneur de solliciter de votre bienveillance l'autorisation de faire I would respectfully request permission to do; d'honneur [escalier, cour] main; ⇒ seigneur;4 ( célébration) être (mis) à l'honneur [personne] to be honouredGB; mettre qn à l'honneur to honourGB sb; être à l' or en honneur [chose] to be in favourGB; être remis à l'honneur [tradition, usage, discipline] to regain favourGB; remise à l'honneur (de tradition, mot) renewed popularity; faire or rendre honneur à qn to honourGB sb; faire honneur à un repas to do justice to a meal; honneur à celui/ceux qui all praise to him/those who; en l'honneur de qn in sb's honourGB; en l'honneur de qch in honourGB of sth; en quel honneur○? iron any particular reason why?; en quel honneur êtes-vous en retard? any particular reason why you're late?;5 Jeux ( carte haute) honourGB.B honneurs nmpl ( distinction) honoursGB; rechercher/refuser les honneurs to seek/shun honoursGB; avec les honneurs (de la guerre) [s'en sortir, être éliminé, partir] honourablyGB; avec (tous) les honneurs dus à leur rang with all the honourGB due to their rank; être accueilli avec les honneurs réservés aux chefs d'État to be received with the ceremony reserved for heads of State; rendre les honneurs à Mil ( funèbres) to pay the last honoursGB to; ( militaires) to honourGB; la richesse et les honneurs wealth and glory; faire les honneurs de la maison à qn to show sb around the house, to do sb the honoursGB of the house†; avoir les honneurs de la presse [personne, événement] to be mentioned in the press.en tout bien tout honneur ( sans arrière-pensées) with no hidden motive; il l'a invitée à dîner en tout bien tout honneur he invited her out to dinner with no ulterior motive; il est venu prendre un verre, mais c'était en tout bien tout honneur he came round for a drink but that's all there was to it.[ɔnɶr] nom masculin1. [dignité] honourl'honneur est sauf my/his etc. honour is saved ou intactmettre un point d'honneur à ou se faire un point d'honneur de faire quelque chose to make a point of honour of doing something2. [mérite]3. [marque de respect] honourc'est un honneur pour moi de vous présenter... it's a great privilege for me to introduce to you...nous avons l'honneur de vous informer que... we have the pleasure of informing you that...4. [titre]votre/son Honneur Your/His Honour5. (locution)faire honneur à quelque chose: faire honneur à ses engagements/sa signature to honour one's commitments/signatureils ont fait honneur à ma cuisine/mon gigot they did justice to my cooking/leg of lamb————————honneurs nom masculin pluriel1. [cérémonie] honours2. [distinction]briguer ou rechercher les honneurs to seek public recognitionà l'honneur locution adjectivaleles organisateurs de l'exposition ont voulu que la sculpture soit à l'honneur the exhibition organizers wanted sculpture to take pride of place————————d'honneur locution adjectivale[invité, place, tour] of honour[membre, président] honorary[cour, escalier] mainen honneur locution adjectivaleen l'honneur de locution prépositionnelleune fête en mon/son honneur a party for me/himce regard noir, c'est en quel honneur? (familier & humoristique) what's that frown in aid of? (UK), what's that frown for?sur l'honneur locution adverbialeupon ou on one's honour -
9 Ehre
f; -, -n1. allg.: hono(u)r; es ist mir eine ( große) Ehre it is an (a great) hono(u)r for me; mit wem habe ich die Ehre? oft iro. to whom have I the pleasure of speaking?; habe die Ehre! bes. österr. good day; (beim Treffen) pleased to meet you; was verschafft mir die Ehre? to what do I owe this hono(u)r ( oder the pleasure)?; es sich (Dat) zur Ehre anrechnen consider it an hono(u)r; ... geben sich (Dat) die Ehre, zu... einzuladen... request the hono(u)r of your company at...; um der Wahrheit die Ehre zu geben to be quite honest ( oder frank); sie erwiesen ihm die Ehre ihres Vertrauens oder ihm zu vertrauen geh. they hono(u)red him with their trust; jemandem die letzte Ehre erweisen pay one’s last respects to s.o.; Ehre wem Ehre gebührt Sprichw. credit where credit is due; jemanden mit oder in Ehren entlassen give s.o. an hono(u)rable discharge; wieder zu Ehren kommen come back into favo(u)r; ihm zu Ehren in his hono(u)r; zu seiner Ehre muss gesagt werden, dass... in his defen|ce (Am. -se) it ought to be said that...; zu Ehren des Tages in hono(u)r of the day; zur ( größeren) Ehre Gottes to the (greater) glory of God2. (Ansehen) hono(u)r, reputation; (Ruhm) glory; bei meiner Ehre! upon my oath!; jemandem / etw. alle / keine Ehre machen be a / no credit to s.o. / s.th.; jemandem zur Ehre gereichen geh. do s.o. credit, reflect credit on s.o.; es gereicht ihm zur Ehre geh. it is to his credit; zu hohen Ehren gelangen oder es zu hohen Ehren bringen achieve (great) eminence; in Ehren halten (hold in) hono(u)r; in Ehren gehalten revered; damit kannst du keine Ehre einlegen that won’t earn you any credit ( bei jemandem with s.o., in s.o.’s eyes); deine Meinung / dein Eifer in ( allen) Ehren, aber... with all due respect,...; Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe! glory (be) to God in the highest!3. nur Sg.; (Ehrgefühl) sense of hono(u)r; (Selbstachtung) self-respect, pride; auf Ehre und Gewissen in all conscience; auf Ehre schwören swear on one’s hono(u)r; jemanden bei der oder seiner Ehre packen appeal to s.o.’s sense of hono(u)r; keine Ehre im Leib haben have no sense ( oder not a shred of) of hono(u)r; er fühlte sich dadurch in seiner Ehre gekränkt it hurt ( oder wounded) his pride, he felt rather piqued by it; seine Ehre dareinsetzen, etw. zu tun make it a point of hono(u)r to do s.th.; etw. in allen Ehren tun do s.th. in good faith4. nur Sg.; altm. (Jungfräulichkeit) (virgin) hon(u)r; einer Frau ihre Ehre rauben rob a woman of her hono(u)r* * *die Ehrehonour; honor; merit; privilege; kudos* * *Eh|re ['eːrə]f -, -nhonour (Brit), honor (US); (= Ruhm) gloryetw in Éhren halten — to treasure or cherish sth
damit/mit ihm können Sie Éhre einlegen — that/he does you credit, that/he is a credit to you
er wollte mit dieser Rede Éhre einlegen — he was wanting to gain kudos with this speech
für jdn/etw Éhre einlegen — to bring hono(u)r on sb/sth
bei jdm mit etw Éhre einlegen — to make a good impression on sb with sth
jdm Éhre machen — to do sb credit
jdm wenig Éhre machen — not to do sb any credit
jdm/einer Sache zur Éhre gereichen — to do sb/sth credit
auf Éhre! (obs) bei meiner Éhre! (obs) — 'pon my oath! (obs)
auf Éhre und Gewissen — on my/his etc hono(u)r
auf Éhre und Gewissen? — cross your heart? (inf), on your hono(u)r?
auf Éhre und Gewissen: ich bin es nicht gewesen! — cross my heart (inf) or I promise you, it wasn't me
etw um der Éhre willen tun — to do sth for the hono(u)r of it
das musst du schon um deiner Éhre willen machen — you should do that as a matter of hono(u)r
ein Mann von Éhre — a man of hono(u)r
keine Éhre im Leib haben (dated) — to have not a shred of self-respect
er ist in Éhren alt geworden — he has had a long and hono(u)rable life
sein Wort/seine Kenntnisse in allen Éhren, aber... — I don't doubt his word/his knowledge, but...
etw zur Éhre anrechnen — to count sth an hono(u)r
es zur Éhre anrechnen, dass... — to feel hono(u)red that..., to count it an hono(u)r that...
das rechne ich ihm zur Éhre an — I consider that a point in his hono(u)r or favour (Brit) or favor (US)
mit wem habe ich die Éhre? (iro, form) — with whom do I have the pleasure of speaking? (form)
was verschafft mir die Éhre? (iro, form) — to what do I owe the hono(u)r (of your visit)?
es ist mir eine besondere Éhre,... (form) — it is a great hono(u)r for me...
wir geben uns die Éhre, Sie zu... einzuladen (form) — we request the hono(u)r of your company at... (form)
zu Éhren (+gen) —
darf ich um die Éhre bitten, Sie zu begleiten? (form) — may I have the hono(u)r of accompanying you? (form), would you do me the hono(u)r of allowing me to accompany you? (form)
Habe die Éhre! (dated Aus) (als Gruß) — hello; (beim Abschied) goodbye; (als Ausdruck des Erstaunens) good heavens
Éhre, wem Éhre gebührt (prov) — credit where credit is due
Éhre sei Gott in der Höhe (Bibl) — glory to God in the highest
See:→ letzte(r, s)* * *die1) (respect for truth, honesty etc: a man of honour.) honour2) ((the keeping or increasing of) a person's, country's etc good reputation: We must fight for the honour of our country.) honour3) (respect: This ceremony is being held in honour of those who died in the war.) honour4) (something which a person feels to be a reason for pride etc: It is a great honour to be asked to address this meeting.) honour5) (ceremony, when given as a mark of respect: The dead soldiers were buried with full military honours.) honours* * *Eh·re<-, -n>[ˈe:rə]fjdm zur \Ehre gereichen (geh) to bring sb honour [or honour to sb]etw in \Ehren halten to cherish [or treasure] sthjdm \Ehre machen to do sb crediter hat seiner Familie \Ehre gemacht he brought honour on his familyjdm wenig \Ehre machen to not do sb any creditseine \Ehre verlieren/wahren to lose/preserve one's honourdarf ich um die \Ehre bitten, mit Ihnen zu speisen? (form o iron) may I have the honour of dining with you? form or ironmit etw [bei jdm] \Ehre einlegen (geh) to make a good impression [on sb] with sthdamit kannst du [bei ihr] keine \Ehre einlegen that won't gain you any credit [with her]jdm die letzte \Ehre erweisen (geh) to pay sb one's last respects [or one's last respects to sb]mit militärischen \Ehren with military honoursjdm eine \Ehre sein to be an honour for sbes war mir eine \Ehre it was an honour for mejdm eine besondere [o große] \Ehre sein to be a great honour for sbzu jds \Ehren/zu \Ehren einer S. in honour of sb/sthzu ihrer \Ehre muss ich sagen, dass... in her defence I must say that...jdm wird die \Ehre zuteil, etw zu tun sb is given the honour of doing sth3. kein pl (Ehrgefühl) sense of honour no pl; (Stolz) pride no pl; (Selbstachtung) self-respect no pleine Frau/ein Mann von \Ehre sein to be a woman/man of honourjdn in seiner \Ehre kränken to wound sb's honoursie fühlte sich dadurch in ihrer \Ehre gekränkt it hurt her pride4.auf \Ehre und Gewissen? on your honour? formauf \Ehre und Gewissen, ich weiß nicht, wo sie ist! I swear [or form on my honour], I don't know where she is!etw auf \Ehre und Gewissen beteuern to assert sth▶ \Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe glory to God in the highest▶ habe die \Ehre! SÜDD, ÖSTERR [I'm] pleased to meet you▶ mit wem habe ich die \Ehre? (geh o iron) with whom do I have the honour [of speaking]? form or iron, to have not a shred of self-respect▶ ... in [allen] \Ehren with [all] due respect to...seine Meinung in allen \Ehren, aber ich kann ihm nicht so recht zustimmen with [all] due respect to his opinion, I feel I can't agreedein Mut in allen \Ehren, aber du gehst eindeutig zu weit! with [all] due respect to your courage, you are definitely going too far!sein Wort [o seine Aufrichtigkeit] in [allen] \Ehren, aber du solltest dir eine eigene Meinung bilden his honesty is not in doubt, but you should form your own opinion▶ jdn bei seiner \Ehre packen to appeal to sb's sense of honour▶ [das ist] zu viel der \Ehre! you do me too great an honour! a. hum* * *die; Ehre, Ehren1) honoures ist mit eine Ehre,... zu... — it is an honour for me to...
die Ehre haben, etwas zu tun — have the Ehre of doing something
jemandem/einer Sache [alle] Ehre machen — do somebody/something [great] credit
auf Ehre und Gewissen — in all truthfulness or honesty
jemandem/einer Sache zu viel Ehre antun — (fig.): (jemanden/etwas überschätzen) overvalue somebody/something
jemandem zur Ehre gereichen — (geh.) bring honour to somebody
Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt — [give] credit where credit is due
um der Wahrheit die Ehre zu geben — (fig.) to tell the truth; to be [perfectly] honest
zu Ehren des Königs, dem König zu Ehren — in honour of the king
wieder zu Ehren kommen — (fig.) come back into favour
2) o. Pl. (Ehrgefühl) sense of honourer hat keine Ehre im Leib[e] — he doesn't have an ounce of integrity in him
* * *1. allg: hono(u)r;es ist mir eine (große) Ehre it is an (a great) hono(u)r for me;mit wem habe ich die Ehre? oft iro to whom have I the pleasure of speaking?;was verschafft mir die Ehre? to what do I owe this hono(u)r ( oder the pleasure)?;es sich (dat)zur Ehre anrechnen consider it an hono(u)r;… geben sich (dat)die Ehre, zu … einzuladen … request the hono(u)r of your company at …;um der Wahrheit die Ehre zu geben to be quite honest ( oder frank);jemandem die letzte Ehre erweisen pay one’s last respects to sb;Ehre wem Ehre gebührt sprichw credit where credit is due;in Ehren entlassen give sb an hono(u)rable discharge;wieder zu Ehren kommen come back into favo(u)r;ihm zu Ehren in his hono(u)r;zu seiner Ehre muss gesagt werden, dass … in his defence (US -se) it ought to be said that …;zu Ehren des Tages in hono(u)r of the day;zur (größeren) Ehre Gottes to the (greater) glory of Godbei meiner Ehre! upon my oath!;jemandem/etwas alle/keine Ehre machen be a/no credit to sb/sth;jemandem zur Ehre gereichen geh do sb credit, reflect credit on sb;es gereicht ihm zur Ehre geh it is to his credit;es zu hohen Ehren bringen achieve (great) eminence;in Ehren halten (hold in) hono(u)r;in Ehren gehalten revered;damit kannst du keine Ehre einlegen that won’t earn you any credit (bei jemandem with sb, in sb’s eyes);deine Meinung/dein Eifer in (allen) Ehren, aber … with all due respect, …;Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe! glory (be) to God in the highest!auf Ehre und Gewissen in all conscience;auf Ehre schwören swear on one’s hono(u)r;seiner Ehre packen appeal to sb’s sense of hono(u)r;keine Ehre im Leib haben have no sense ( oder not a shred of) of hono(u)r;er fühlte sich dadurch in seiner Ehre gekränkt it hurt ( oder wounded) his pride, he felt rather piqued by it;seine Ehre dareinsetzen, etwas zu tun make it a point of hono(u)r to do sth;etwas in allen Ehren tun do sth in good faitheiner Frau ihre Ehre rauben rob a woman of her hono(u)r* * *die; Ehre, Ehren1) honoures ist mit eine Ehre,... zu... — it is an honour for me to...
die Ehre haben, etwas zu tun — have the Ehre of doing something
jemandem/einer Sache [alle] Ehre machen — do somebody/something [great] credit
jemandes Andenken (Akk.) in Ehren halten — honour somebody's memory
auf Ehre und Gewissen — in all truthfulness or honesty
jemandem/einer Sache zu viel Ehre antun — (fig.): (jemanden/etwas überschätzen) overvalue somebody/something
jemandem zur Ehre gereichen — (geh.) bring honour to somebody
Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt — [give] credit where credit is due
um der Wahrheit die Ehre zu geben — (fig.) to tell the truth; to be [perfectly] honest
zu Ehren des Königs, dem König zu Ehren — in honour of the king
wieder zu Ehren kommen — (fig.) come back into favour
2) o. Pl. (Ehrgefühl) sense of honourer hat keine Ehre im Leib[e] — he doesn't have an ounce of integrity in him
* * *-n f.honor (US) n.honour (UK) n.kudos n. -
10 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
[br]b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russiad. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.[br]Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsZworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.Bibliography29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of theInstitute of Radio Engineers 22:16.1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.1949, with E.G.Ramberg, Photoelectricity and Its Applications. 1958, Television in Science and Industry.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KFBiographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
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11 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
[br]b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, Englandd. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.[br]After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.Bibliography1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of theInstitution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).Further ReadingWho Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.KFBiographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
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12 de Havilland, Sir Geoffrey
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 27 July 1882 High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, Englandd. 21 May 1965 Stanmore, Middlesex, England[br]English designer of some eighty aircraft from 1909 onwards.[br]Geoffrey de Havilland started experimenting with aircraft and engines of his own design in 1908. In the following year, with the help of his friend Frank Hearle, he built and flew his first aircraft; it crashed on its first flight. The second aircraft used the same engine and made its first flight on 10 September 1910, and enabled de Havilland to teach himself to fly. From 1910 to 1914 he was employed at Farnborough, where in 1912 the Royal Aircraft Factory was established. As Chief Designer and Chief Test Pilot he was responsible for the BE 2, which was the first British military aircraft to land in France in 1914.In May 1914 de Havilland went to work for George Holt Thomas, whose Aircraft Manufacturing Company Ltd (Airco) of Hendon was expanding to design and build aircraft of its own design. However, because de Havilland was a member of the Royal Flying Corps Reserve, he had to report for duty when war broke out in August. His value as a designer was recognized and he was transferred back to Airco, where he designed eight aircraft in four years. Of these, the DH 2, DH 4, DH 5, DH 6 and DH 9 were produced in large numbers, and a modified DH 4A operated the first British cross- Channel air service in 1919.On 25 September 1920 de Havilland founded his own company, the De Havilland Aircraft Company Ltd, at Stag Lane near Edgware, London. During the 1920s and 1930s de Havilland concentrated on civil aircraft and produced the very successful Moth series of small biplanes and monoplanes, as well as the Dragon, Dragon Rapide, Albatross and Flamingo airliners. In 1930 a new site was acquired at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, and by 1934 a modern factory with a large airfield had been established. His Comet racer won the England-Australia air race in 1934 using de Havilland engines. By this time the company had established very successful engine and propeller divisions. The Comet used a wooden stressed-skin construction which de Havilland developed and used for one of the outstanding aircraft of the Second World War: the Mosquito. The de Havilland Engine Company started work on jet engines in 1941 and their Goblin engine powered the Vampire jet fighter first flown by Geoffrey de Havilland Jr in 1943. Unfortunately, Geoffrey Jr and his brother John were both killed in flying accidents. The Comet jet airliner first flew in 1949 and the Trident in 1962, although by 1959 the De Havilland Company had been absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight Bachelor 1944. Order of Merit 1962. CBE 1934. Air Force Cross 1919. (A full list is contained in R.M.Clarkson's paper (see below)).Bibliography1961, Sky Fever, London; repub. 1979, Shrewsbury (autobiography).Further ReadingR.M.Clarkson, 1967, "Geoffrey de Havilland 1882–1965", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (February) (a concise account of de Havilland, his achievements and honours).C.M.Sharp, 1960, D.H.—An Outline of de Havilland History, London (mostly a history of the company).A.J.Jackson, 1962, De Havilland Aircraft since 1915, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > de Havilland, Sir Geoffrey
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13 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
[br]b. 25 April 1874 Bologna, Italyd. 20 July 1937 Rome, Italy[br]Italian radio pioneer whose inventiveness and business skills made radio communication a practical proposition.[br]Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with K.F. Braun) 1909. Russian Order of S t Anne. Commander of St Maurice and St Lazarus. Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (i.e. Knight) of Italy 1902. Freedom of Rome 1903. Honorary DSc Oxford. Honorary LLD Glasgow. Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy 1905. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal. Honorary knighthood (GCVO) 1914. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1920. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1924. Created Marquis (Marchese) 1929. Nominated to the Italian Senate 1929. President, Italian Academy 1930. Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1934.Bibliography1896, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and in apparatus thereof", British patent no. 12,039.1 June 1898, British patent no. 12,326 (transformer or "jigger" resonant circuit).1901, British patent no. 7,777 (selective tuning).1904, British patent no. 763,772 ("four circuit" tuning arrangement).Further ReadingD.Marconi, 1962, My Father, Marconi.W.J.Baker, 1970, A History of the Marconi Company, London: Methuen.KFBiographical history of technology > Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
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14 Taylor, David Watson
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 4 March 1864 Louisa County, Virginia, USAd. 29 July 1940 Washington, DC, USA[br]American hydrodynamicist and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy Construction Corps.[br]Taylor's first years were spent on a farm in Virginia, but at the age of 13 he went to RandolphMacon College, graduating in 1881, and from there to the US Naval Academy, Annapolis. He graduated at the head of his class, had some sea time, and then went to the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England, where in 1888 he again came top of the class with the highest-ever marks of any student, British or overseas.On his return to the United States he held various posts as a constructor, ending this period at the Mare Island Navy Yard in California. In 1894 he was transferred to Washington, where he joined the Bureau of Construction and started to interest the Navy in ship model testing. Under his direction, the first ship model tank in the United States was built at Washington and for fourteen years operated under his control. The work of this establishment gave him the necessary information to write the highly acclaimed text The Speed and Power of Ships, which with revisions is still in use. By the outbreak of the First World War he was one of the world's most respected naval architects, and had been retained as a consultant by the British Government in the celebrated case of the collision between the White Star Liner Olympic and HMS Hawke.In December 1914 Taylor became a Rear-Admiral and was appointed Chief Constructor of the US Navy. His term of office was extremely stressful, with over 1,000 ships constructed for the war effort and with the work of the fledgling Bureau for Aeronautics also under his control. The problems were not over in 1918 as the Washington Treaty required drastic pruning of the Navy and a careful reshaping of the defence force.Admiral Taylor retired from active service at the beginning of 1923 but retained several consultancies in aeronautics, shipping and naval architecture. For many years he served as consultant to the ship-design company now known as Gibbs and Cox. Many honours came his way, but the most singular must be the perpetuation of his name in the David Taylor Medal, the highest award of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in the United States. Similarly, the Navy named its ship test tank facility, which was opened in Maryland in 1937, the David W. Taylor Model Basin.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 1925–7. United States Distinguished Service Medal. American Society of Civil Engineers John Fritz Medal. Institution of Naval Architects Gold Medal 1894 (the first American citizen to receive it). Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers David W.Taylor Medal 1936 (the first occasion of this award).BibliographyResistance of Ships and Screw Propulsion. 1911, The Speed and Power of Ships, New York: Wiley.Taylor gave many papers to the Maritime Institutions of both the United States and the United Kingdom.FMW -
15 Yagi, Hidetsugu
[br]b. 28 January 1886 Osaka, Japand. January 1976 Osaka, Japan[br]Japanese engineer who, with his student Shintaro Uda, developed the directional ultra-high frequency (UHF) aerial array that bears his name.[br]Yagi studied engineering at Tokyo Imperial University (now Tokyo University), graduating in 1910. For the next four years he taught at Engineering High School in Sendai, Honshu, then in 1914 he was sent to study resonance phenomena under Barkhausen at Dresden University. When the First World War broke out he was touring Europe, so he travelled to London to study under Ambrose Fleming at University College, London. Continuing his travels, he then visited the USA, studying at Harvard under G.W. Pierce, before returning to his teaching post at Sendai Engineering High School, which in 1919 was absorbed into Tohoku University. There, in 1921, he obtained his doctorate, and some years later he was appointed Professor of Electrical Engineering. Having heard of the invention of the magnetron, he worked with a student, Kinjiro Okabe; in 1927 they produced microwave energy at a wavelength of a few tens of centimetres. However, he is best known for his development with another student, Shintaro Uda, of a directional, multi-element ultrahigh frequency aerial, which he demonstrated during a tour of the USA in 1928. During the Second World War Yagi worked on radar systems. After his retirement he became Professor Emeritus at Tohoku and Osaka universities and formed the Yagi Antenna Company.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsYagi received various honours, including the Japanese Cultural Order of Merit 1976, and the Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal.Bibliography1928, "Beam transmission of ultra-short waves", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 6:715 (describes the Yagi-Uda aerial).Further ReadingF.E.Terman, 1943, Radio Engineers' Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill (provides a review of aerials, including the Yagi system).KF -
16 militärisch
II Adv.: militärisch grüßen give a military salute, salute (in military style); militärisch stark sein have considerable military strength* * *martial; military* * *mi|li|tä|risch [mili'tɛːrɪʃ]1. adjmilitaryjdm militä́rische or die militä́rischen Ehren erweisen — to give sb military honours (Brit) or honors (US)
mit allen militä́rischen Ehren — with full military honours (Brit) or honors (US)
einen Konflikt mit militä́rischen Mitteln lösen — to resolve a conflict with the use of troops
2. advmilitarilymilitä́risch grüßen — to salute
es geht dort streng militä́risch zu —
sich militä́risch geben — to behave in a military fashion
* * *(of soldiers or armed forces generally, or war: military supplies/discipline/power.) military* * *mi·li·tä·risch[miliˈtɛ:rɪʃ]I. adj militarymit \militärischen Mitteln by military meansII. adv in a military fashion\militärisch grüßen to salutesich akk \militärisch straff halten to hold oneself erect like a soldier, to have a military bearingetw \militärisch lösen to resolve sth by military force* * *1.Adjektiv military2.* * *A. adj military; Gebaren etc: martial;mit allen militärischen Ehren with full military hono(u)rsB. adv:militärisch grüßen give a military salute, salute (in military style);militärisch stark sein have considerable military strength* * *1.Adjektiv military2.* * *adj.military adj. adv.militarily adv. -
17 почесть
I ж.honourоказывать, воздавать почести (дт.) — do honour (to), render homage (to)
отдавать последние почести (дт.) — pay* one's last respects (to)
II сов. см. почитать IIвоенные почести — military honours, the honours of war
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18 почесть
I п`очестьж.ока́зывать / воздава́ть почести (дт.) — do honour (to), render homage (to)
отдава́ть после́дние почести (дт.) — pay one's last respects (to)
II поч`естьвое́нные почести — military honours, the honours of war
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19 Clarke, Arthur Charles
[br]b. 16 December 1917 Minehead, Somerset, England[br]English writer of science fiction who correctly predicted the use of geo-stationary earth satellites for worldwide communications.[br]Whilst still at Huish's Grammar School, Taunton, Clarke became interested in both space science and science fiction. Unable to afford a scientific education at the time (he later obtained a BSc at King's College, London), he pursued both interests in his spare time while working in the Government Exchequer and Audit Department between 1936 and 1941. He was a founder member of the British Interplanetary Society, subsequently serving as its Chairman in 1946–7 and 1950–3. From 1941 to 1945 he served in the Royal Air Force, becoming a technical officer in the first GCA (Ground Controlled Approach) radar unit. There he began to produce the first of many science-fiction stories. In 1949–50 he was an assistant editor of Science Abstracts at the Institution of Electrical Engineers.As a result of his two interests, he realized during the Second World War that an artificial earth satellite in an equatorial orbital with a radius of 35,000 km (22,000 miles) would appear to be stationary, and that three such geo-stationary, or synchronous, satellites could be used for worldwide broadcast or communications. He described these ideas in a paper published in Wireless World in 1945. Initially there was little response, but within a few years the idea was taken up by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration and in 1965 the first synchronous satellite, Early Bird, was launched into orbit.In the 1950s he moved to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to pursue an interest in underwater exploration, but he continued to write science fiction, being known in particular for his contribution to the making of the classic Stanley Kubrick science-fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey, based on his book of the same title.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsClarke received many honours for both his scientific and science-fiction writings. For his satellite communication ideas his awards include the Franklin Institute Gold Medal 1963 and Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1976. For his science-fiction writing he received the UNESCO Kalinga Prize (1961) and many others. In 1979 he became Chancellor of Moratuwa University in Sri Lanka and in 1980 Vikran Scrabhai Professor at the Physical Research Laboratory of the University of Ahmedabad.Bibliography1945. "Extra-terrestrial relays: can rocket stations give world wide coverage?", Wireless World L1: 305 (puts forward his ideas for geo-stationary communication satellites).1946. "Astronomical radar: some future possibilities", Wireless World 52:321.1948, "Electronics and space flight", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 7:49. Other publications, mainly science-fiction novels, include: 1955, Earthlight, 1956, TheCoast of Coral; 1958, Voice Across the Sea; 1961, Fall of Moondust; 1965, Voicesfrom the Sky, 1977, The View from Serendip; 1979, Fountain of Paradise; 1984, Ascent to Orbit: A Scientific Autobiography, and 1984, 2010: Odyssey Two (a sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey that was also made into a film).Further Reading1986, Encyclopaedia Britannica.1991, Who's Who, London: A. \& C.Black.See also: Pierce, John RobinsonKF -
20 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
[br]b. 26 January 1885 London, Englandd. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England[br]English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.[br]Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.Bibliography1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.Further ReadingSir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.JBBiographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
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